Eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas no convencionales en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular: Revisión narrativa

Efficacy of Nonconventional Nonpharmacological Interventions in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review

Autores/as

  • Joel Sebastian Vintimilla-Contreras Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Verónica Alexandra Chiriboga-Pasaca Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.
  • Juan Antonio Coyago-Íñiguez Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22258/hgh.v10i3.473

Resumen

Introducción: A pesar de los avances farmacológicos, el riesgo cardiovascular residual sigue impulsando altas tasas de morbimortalidad global. El modelo preventivo tradicional suele omitir el impacto de variables ambientales, conductuales y biológicas emergentes sobre la homeostasis vascular. Objetivo: Revisar de forma narrativa la evidencia científica sobre los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y la eficacia clínica de las intervenciones no farmacológicas no convencionales en la optimización de la función endotelial y la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular. Metodología: Revisión narrativa de la literatura científica en bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SciELO, Cochrane Library y Google Scholar. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, estudios de cohortes y metaanálisis en inglés y español, utilizando descriptores DeCS/MeSH y operadores booleanos. Resultados: Se identificaron y analizaron seis ejes terapéuticos no convencionales: optimización de la arquitectura del sueño mediante CPAP, estrés térmico hormético por termoterapia pasiva, mitigación del exposoma urbano (contaminación por PM2,5 y ruido), exposición estructurada a espacios verdes (biofilia), erradicación mecánica de biopelículas periodontales disbióticas y modulación neuroendocrina mediante la terapia asistida por animales. Estas estrategias demostraron un impacto positivo medible en parámetros hemodinámicos, reducción de citocinas proinflamatorias sistémicas (IL-6, PCR-us, TNF-a), incremento de la dilatación mediada por flujo y optimización de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca. Conclusiones: Las intervenciones no farmacológicas no convencionales representan herramientas coadyuvantes eficaces y de bajo costo. Su integración sistemática en la práctica clínica permite un abordaje integral y multidimensional capaz de mitigar el riesgo cardiovascular residual crónico. Palabras clave: Contaminantes Ambientales; Endotelio Vascular; Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca; Terapia Asistida por Animales (Fuente: DeCS, BIREME).

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Biografía del autor/a

Joel Sebastian Vintimilla-Contreras, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.

Interno Rotativo de Medicina en el Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador. Estudiante de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca

Verónica Alexandra Chiriboga-Pasaca, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.

Estudiante de Medicina en la Universidad Católica de Cuenca.

Juan Antonio Coyago-Íñiguez , Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.

Médico, Especialista en Medicina Interna, Universidad Católica de Cuenca. Cuenca, Ecuador.

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Publicado

15-09-2026

Cómo citar

Vintimilla-Contreras, J. S., Chiriboga-Pasaca, V. A., & Coyago-Íñiguez , J. A. (2026). Eficacia de las intervenciones no farmacológicas no convencionales en la reducción del riesgo cardiovascular: Revisión narrativa: Efficacy of Nonconventional Nonpharmacological Interventions in Reducing Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review. Peruvian Journal of Health Care and Global Health, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.22258/hgh.v10i3.473

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