Impacto da Inteligência Artificial na Prática Clínica em Saúde Mental: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Clinical Practice in Mental Health: A Systematic Review
Resumo
Introdução: A inteligência artificial (IA) compreende sistemas capazes de emular processos cognitivos humanos para otimizar a análise e a tomada de decisão. Suas principais tipologias incluem a IA fraca, aplicada a tarefas clínicas específicas; a IA forte, de caráter teórico e orientada à cognição integral; e o aprendizado de máquina, utilizado para predição e estratificação de riscos. Na saúde mental, essas abordagens estão redefinindo a prática clínica ao ampliar as capacidades diagnósticas e de intervenção. Objetivos: Avaliar, por meio da literatura científica, o impacto da IA na prática clínica em saúde mental e suas implicações profissionais. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de artigos publicados entre 2017 e 2025 nas bases PubMed, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, arXiv, Dialnet e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos quantitativos, qualitativos e revisões. Resultados: Foram incluídos nove estudos. As principais aplicações foram chatbots terapêuticos (n=4), sistemas preditivos e de apoio diagnóstico (n=2), ferramentas de bem-estar (n=1), abordagens éticas (n=1) e aplicações em autismo (n=1). As intervenções baseadas em IA foram associadas à redução de sintomas de ansiedade, depressão e estresse, juntamente com melhorias no bem-estar psicológico, adesão ao tratamento e acesso aos serviços de saúde mental. Observou-se alta aceitabilidade, embora com limitações metodológicas e éticas. Conclusões: A IA representa uma ferramenta complementar valiosa no campo da saúde mental; no entanto, sua implementação requer uma abordagem equilibrada que preserve a qualidade da relação terapêutica e garanta uma prática clínica ética e centrada no paciente.Downloads
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